Descriptors of floral plantings and landscape context
Flower strips are here defined as strips or other areas of planted wild
native and/or non-native flowering herbaceous plants. Hedgerows are
defined as areas of linear shape planted with native and/or non-native
at least partly flowering woody plants and typically also herbaceous
flowering plants. For hedgerows, information about the exact time since
establishment and number of plant species was not available for most
studies. The analyses of these drivers (question 3) therefore focus on
flower strip effects on pollination and pest control service
provisioning. Information on plant species richness was available in 12
out of 18 pest control studies and 10 out of 17 pollination studies.
Whenever available, the species richness of flowering plants was used.
Otherwise, for some flower strip studies, the number of sown,
potentially flowering plant species (excluding grasses) was used. Time
since establishment of flower strips, i.e., the time span between
seeding or planting and data sampling, was available for all studies
ranging from 3 to 122 months.
The proportional cover of arable crops was available and analysed as a
proxy for landscape simplification (e.g., Tscharntke et al. 2005;
Dainese et al. 2019) in 11 pest control and 12 pollination
studies. Proportional cover of arable crops was calculated in circular
sectors of 1 km radius around focal crops, or 750 m or 500 m radius (two
studies for which data on a 1 km radius were not available; see Table
S1; results remained qualitatively identical when only considering the 1
km radius datasets).