Eligibility Criteria:
We searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English over the last 20 years to capture the evolution in the use of huddles over time. Studies were included if they featured a daily huddle, were conducted in a healthcare setting, and involved a multidisciplinary team (>1 profession). No restrictions were placed on country of study origin.
Studies were excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria or were duplicates. Preoperative briefs/huddles that were based on the surgical safety checklist were also excluded as they did not meet our definition of a huddle. Non-empirical article types such as reviews, comments, or letters to the editor were not included.