Risk of Bias and Quality Appraisal:
Two researchers (BR, SA) used the Cochrane Systematic Review Handbook to
assess the risk of bias and the quality of the studies. Following this,
the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT)31 was used to
evaluate the quality of included studies. This provided a validated,
systematic approach to assessing the methodological quality and the risk
of bias in the included studies. The results of the MMAT quality
appraisal can be found in Table 1. Disagreements between reviewers’
judgements were resolved by consulting a third reviewer (SM). No studies
were excluded following the quality appraisal.