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\title{Estimation of spectral solar irradiance in the ecliptic plane using synthetic solar surface magnetograms}



\author[1]{Isabela de Oliveira}%
\author[2]{K Sowmya}%
\author[3]{N.-E Nèmec}%
\author[2]{A I Shapiro}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[2]{Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research}%
\affil[3]{Institute for Astrophysics and Geophysics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen}%


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  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The primary external energy input to planetary atmospheres comes from
solar radiation. Accurate estimates of solar irradiance are needed in
order to understand atmospheric conditions at other planets. Many
studies have interpolated Earth-based irradiance measurements at other
planets, disregarding the evolution of solar features, which are
responsible for the irradiance variability. We present an approach for
assessing solar irradiance at other planets by using synthetic full
surface magnetograms of the Sun, generated by the Surface Flux Transport
Model, and then converted into sunspots and faculae areas. Following the
Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction approach, we compute the
irradiance as the sum of contributions from sunspots, faculae, and the
quiet Sun. We calculate the S-index, which is a proxy for
near-ultraviolet irradiance, and the total solar irradiance, which is
the wavelength-integrated value. We demonstrate that a simple phase
shift of the Earth-observed total solar irradiance does not produce
reliable estimates in the ecliptic. By comparing and correlating our
results with the interpolated measurements, we find that the two models
agree in the S-index variability, because faculae have a long lifetime,
so the effect of the solar rotation becomes less important. Conversely,
the methods disagree strongly in the total solar irradiance, since
sunspots have a short lifetime, and the interpolation does not take into
account their emergence and evolution on the far-side of the Sun, as it
only uses the information of the disc visible for an Earth-bound
observer.%
\end{abstract}%



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