Demography analyses
DNA sequence polymorphism (DnaSP) v6.12.03 was used to gather baseline
statistics of gene region for each species with more than four
representatives. Ambiguous nucleotides were removed, and all other
settings left on default. The basic statistics recorded were as follows:
nucleotide diversity (π), gene diversity (Hd), number of
haplotypes (H), mean number of pairwise differences (k) and number of
segregating sites (S). Tajima’s test and Fu and Li’s tests were also run
. Tajima’s D compares the number of segregating sites (S) and the mean
pairwise differences between different sequences . Fu and Li’s D* is
similar but compares the total amount of nucleotide variations to the
number of singleton mutations, this was done without an outgroup . Both
tests are statistical tests of neutrality and are used to determine
historic population demographic changes .