The unfavorable influence of the prematurity on the neonatal prognostic
of small for gestational age fetuses
Abstract
Introduction. Vascular stress at the level of the uterus-placental unit,
with chronic placental ischemia, results in intrauterine growth
restriction. Expectation management can be used, when the situation
allows, in cases of compensated intrauterine growth restriction. Aim:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the neonatal prognosis of preterm
births with and without growth restriction and term births with growth
restriction in order to improve decisional accuracy regarding the
termination of pregnancy. Results: The frequency of term birth infants
with low birth weight for gestational age was approximately 2%. The
male gender, predominated only in the group of premature infants with
normal weight for the gestational age. The highest frequency of neonatal
complications studied occurred in the group of preterm neonates SGA
(small for gestational age) with statistical significance obtained for
cardio-vascular arrest acute respiratory failure, ulcer-necrotic
enterocolitis, respiratory distress, cerebral edema, intraventricular
hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, neonatal
infection, hypoglycemia, retinopathy, anemia, hemorrhagic disease,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, disease of hyaline membranes,
neonatal sepsis, need for intensive neonatal therapy and death.
Conclusion: Immediate neonatal adaptation of SGA preterm neonates is
more deficient than for preterm neonates with appropriate weight for
gestational age; the adaptation of preterm neonates, in turn, is more
deficient than term newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. The
term newborns with intrauterine growth restriction have a neonatal
adaptation comparable to that of the term newborns with weight
corresponding to the gestational age.