Analysis to the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MDA5 positive
patients with dermatomyositis
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the relationship between anti-MDA5 antibody and
clinical manifestations of dermatomyositis(DM) and to explain the
correlation of prognosis as well. Methods: Retrospective analysis was
performed at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University from April 2017 to February 2019. The
clinical data were collected from 109 patients with DM, and then the
patients were divided into anti-MDA5 antibody positive group and
negative group according to the results of antibody detection, after
which statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 23.0 software.
Results: Among the 109 DM patients, the ratio of male to female is
1:2.3, with 58 positive anti-MDA5 antibody and 51 negative anti-MDA5
antibody. There is no difference in gender and age between the two
groups, and patients with positive anti-MDA5 have a shorter course. The
incidence of clinical symptoms, including Gottron sign, skin ulcer,
joint pain, joint swelling, nail erythema, dyspnea, and cough in
patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM is significantly higher than those
in the anti-MDA5-negative group. Anti-MDA5 antibodies are inversely
associated with tumorigenesis. Patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM have
less elevation of muscle enzymes and are prone to ILD and RPILD, while
patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM have a high mortality rate and poor
prognosis. Conclusion: Combined with RP-ILD, the prognosis of DM is
poor. When patients have these clinical manifestations and positive
MDA5, they must actively undergo lung imaging examination and be alert
to RP-ILD.