Assessing the ecological effectiveness of payment for ecosystem services
to identify priority areas and vegetation restoration modes: A case
study of the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in the Northern Shaanxi
Loess Plateau, China
Abstract
Identifying priority areas and vegetation restoration modes is important
for alleviating the conflicting demands for water between the ecosystem
and humans based on the ecological effectiveness of payment for
ecosystem services (PES) in arid or semi-arid areas. This study uses the
treatment effect model to estimate the marginal contribution of Sloping
Land Conversion Programme (SLCP) in the Northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau
towards greater vegetation cover in the Northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau,
including conversion of farmland to forestland (CFF) and conversion of
farmland to grassland (CFG). In addition, we build a relative advantage
index (RAI) to identify priority areas and vegetation restoration modes
based on an assessment of the PES‘ ecological effectiveness. The RAI can
identify priority areas and vegetation restoration modes. Furthermore,
the areas with a RAI of more than 1 qualify for afforestation reach
11460 km2, accounting for 14.101% of the Northern Shaanxi Loess
Plateau, mainly distributed in the south of the Northern Shaanxi Plateau
while others are more suitable for grass-planting. The government should
improve PES schemes to guide farmers to choose the appropriate
vegetation restoration modes in different areas from a
cost-effectiveness perspective.