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The Predictive Value of Pre-Implant Pulmonary Function Testing in LVAD Patients
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  • Nicholas Hess,
  • Laura Seese,
  • Gavin Hickey,
  • Mary Keebler,
  • Yisi Wang,
  • Floyd Thoma,
  • Arman Kilic
Nicholas Hess
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Laura Seese
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Gavin Hickey
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Mary Keebler
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Yisi Wang
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Floyd Thoma
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Arman Kilic
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
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Abstract

Background: The predictive value of preoperative pulmonary function testing (PFT) in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients remains unknown. This study evaluates the relationship between abnormal PFTs and postimplant outcomes in LVAD patients. Methods: LVAD implants from January 2004 to December 2018 at a single institution were included. Patients were stratified based on presence of abnormal preoperative PFTs, and the primary outcome was respiratory adverse events (AE). Secondary outcomes included one-year overall postimplant survival, and complications including bleeding, renal failure, thromboembolism, and device malfunction. Results: 333 patients underwent LVAD implant, 46.5% (n=155) with normal PFTs and 53.5% (n=178) with abnormal PFTs. Patients with abnormal PFTs were noted to have higher rates of respiratory AEs (25.9% vs 15.1%, p=0.049). In multivariable analysis, the impact of PFTs was most significant when FEV1/FVC ratio was <0.5 (HR 16.32, 95% CI 1.70, 156.78). The rates of other AEs including bleeding, renal failure, right heart failure, and device malfunction were similar. One-year overall postimplant survival was comparable between the groups (56.8% vs 68.8%, p=0.3183), though patients in the lowest strata of FEV1 (<60% predicted) and FEV1/FVC (<0.5) had elevated risk-adjusted hazards for mortality (HR 2.63 95% CI 1.51, 4.60 and HR 18.92, 95% CI 2.10, 170.40, respectively). Conclusions: The presence of abnormal preoperative PFTs is not prohibitory for LVAD implantation although it can be used for risk stratification for respiratory AEs and mortality, particularly in patients with severely reduced metrics. The importance of careful patient selection should be underscored in this higher risk patient subset.
19 Aug 2020Submitted to Journal of Cardiac Surgery
20 Aug 2020Assigned to Editor
20 Aug 2020Submission Checks Completed
21 Sep 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
21 Sep 2020Editorial Decision: Accept