Background：Some of the patients who have undergone mitral valve surgery may develop into aortic valve disease as time goes on. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of the long-term outcome of the aortic valve after mitral valve surgery. Methods：Patients who underwent mitral valve surgery from 2010 to 2016 in Zhujiang Hospital were divided into two groups according to the outcome of the aortic valve. Those who had significant aortic valve disease progression after mitral valve surgery were classified into the progression group, and the other patients were classified into the non-progression group. Collected clinical data including echocardiography for statistical analysis. Results：Finally, 144 patients (59 males, 40.97%) were enrolled, with an average age of 50.35 ±11.32 years, and a median follow-up period of 4.2 years. Five related factors were determined by multivariate analysis, including tricuspid ring annuloplasty (p=0.010, OR=0.12), left ventricular diameter (p=0.023, OR=0.93), mild to moderate aortic valve disease (p=0.009, OR=7.17), mitral prosthesis size (p=0.032,=OR=2.51), aortic valve peak velocity (p=0.008, OR=3.99). Conclusions：The progression of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery is related to a variety of factors. It may be mainly due to the increase of left ventricular preload and a series of hemodynamic changes after mitral valve surgery. For such patients, a comprehensive consideration is needed to formulate the surgical plan, rather than using the valve area as the sole criterion for determining whether to undergo aortic valve surgery at the same time or not.