Abstract
Introduction: Prior results of rotor migration past electrodes did not
exhibit frequency changes typical of classic Doppler effect (CDE)
physics. Rotors exhibited fastest and slowest frequencies at either side
when migrating past electrodes, not directly in front and behind as in
CDE. A new spiral wave frequency effect (SFE) equation required
derivation to more accurately predict WF frequency changes observed near
moving spiral sources SSp. Methods and Results: Rotational and spiral
math were developed. As a prerequisite to solve SFE equation, a wave
source of a rotating linear ray (SR) was used to derive rotational
frequency effect equation (RFE). WF strikes from SSp occurred when the
spiral summation angle equaled LOS angle. SFE is analyzed by varying
spiral size and distance from SSp. New RFE and SFE equations predict the
diverging frequency changes (increasing and decreasing) that occur
simultaneously on either side of a passing rotor. Conclusions: Frequency
effects of moving SR and SSp exhibit 3 main differences compared to CDE:
side-dependent frequency changes, strong-side unpaired WF strike, and
reversal of activation sequence. These 3 differences are predicted by
RFE and SFE equations and constitute the unique diametrical property of
rotational waves and spinning bodies in motion. Moving bodies that spin,
or moving sources of rotating WFs, result in observed frequency
differences that are relative to side of observation. One can no longer
assume that higher frequencies and lower frequencies observed, represent
always an approaching and receding SR and SSp respectively, especially
when observers are near to the source.