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New approach to hypotensive susceptibility in reflex syncope induced by tilt testing
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  • Artur Fedorowski,
  • Giulia Rivasi,
  • Parisa Torabi,
  • Madeleine Johansson,
  • Martina Rafanelli,
  • Irene Marozzi,
  • Alice Ceccofiglio,
  • Niccolo Casinini,
  • Viktor Hamrefors,
  • Andrea Ungar,
  • Richard Sutton,
  • Michelino Brignole,
  • Gianfranco Parati
Artur Fedorowski
Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Giulia Rivasi
University of Florence
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Parisa Torabi
Lund University
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Madeleine Johansson
Lund University
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Martina Rafanelli
University of Florence
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Irene Marozzi
University of Florence
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Alice Ceccofiglio
University of Florence
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Niccolo Casinini
University of Florence
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Viktor Hamrefors
Lunds Universitet Institutionen for kliniska vetenskaper i Malmo
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Andrea Ungar
University of Florence
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Richard Sutton
Imperial College London
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Michelino Brignole
Ospedali del Tigullio
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Gianfranco Parati
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Luca and Universita di Milano-Biccocca
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Abstract

Introduction Why some individuals with similar demographic characteristics develop syncope during tilt testing (TT) and others do not is unknown and low test sensitivity is claimed. We sought an alternative explanation; resting cardiovascular physiology differs in patients with positive and negative TT. Methods We analyzed age, gender, systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) using three large syncope patient databases comparing tilt-positive with tilt-negative results after excluding orthostatic hypotension. Positive tilt-response, confirming reflex syncope, was defined as reproduction of spontaneous symptoms with characteristic bradycardia and/or hypotension. Impact of demographic, hemodynamic parameters and prevalent hypertension on TT positivity were assessed using logistic regression models. Results Records of 5236 patients (45% males; mean age, 60±22 years; 32% on antihypertensive therapy) were analyzed. TT was positive in 3129 (60%) and tilt-positive patients had lower SBP (127.2±17.9 vs 129.7±18.0 mmHg, p<0.001), DBP (76.2±11.5 vs 77.7±11.7 mmHg, p<0.001) and HR (68.0±11.5 vs 70.5±12.5 bpm, p<0.001) compared with tilt-negative patients. SBP was similar in males and females but males had higher DBP and lower HR than females (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, tilt-test positivity was independently associated with younger age (p=0.016), SBP≤128 mmHg (p<0.001), HR≤69 bpm (p<0.001), and absence of hypertension (p<0.001). Conclusions Patients developing reflex syncope during tilt-testing have lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared with tilt-negative patients. Tilt-test positivity is independently associated with younger age, lower blood pressure, lower heart rate and absence of hypertension but not with gender. These hemodynamic differences imply hypotensive susceptibility.