Canthin-6-one ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating
inflammation and oxidative stress. An in vivo and in silico approach
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Canthin-6-one (Cant) is an indole alkaloid found
in different medicinal plants, reported to be gastroprotective,
anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal and
anti-proliferative. We aimed to explore Cant in the management of
ulcerative colitis (UC) using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS)-induced rat model. Experimental Approach: Cant (1, 5 and
25 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats followed by
induction of colitis with TNBS. Macroscopic and histopathological
scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced
glutathione (GSH) were assessed in colon tissues. Pro- (TNF-α, IL-1β and
IL-12p70) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, and vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also quantified. Mitogen-activated
protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and Toll-like receptor-8 (TLR8), as putative
targets, were considered through in silico analysis. Key Results: Cant
(5 and 25 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic and histological colon damage
scores in TNBS-treated rats. MPO and MDA were reduced by up to 61.69%
and 92.45%, respectively, compared to TNBS-treated rats alone.
Glutathione concentration was reduced in rats administered with TNBS
alone (50.00% of sham group), being restored to 72.73% (of sham group)
under Cant treatment. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and VEGF were reduced, and
anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased following Cant administration
compared to rats administered TNBS alone. Docking ligation results for
MAPK14 (p38α) and TLR8 with Cant, confirmed that these proteins are
feasible putative targets. Conclusions and Implications: Cant has an
anti-inflammatory effect in the intestine by down-regulating immune
molecular mediators and decreasing oxidative stress. Therefore, Cant
could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel
disease and related syndromes.