Responses of crop yield, apparent potassium balance, and soil potassium
status to long-term fertilization and lime addition in acidic Ultisol
Abstract
Soil acidification is one of the major soil degradation phenomenon in
tropical and subtropical region, which cause reductions in soil
fertility, particularly potassium (K), and declines in crop yield.
However, it remains unclear whether and how the status of K in soils and
crops changes with the application of lime to alleviate soil
acidification. Six treatments of long-term experiments (started 1990) in
subtropical region were carried out. Regardless of fertilization regime,
lime addition markedly increased grain and straw yields compared to
those yields without lime application. Lime addition also led to
significant decreases in the apparent K balances compared to soils
without lime application. The agronomic K efficiency and partial factor
productivity of K fertilizer both significantly increased after lime
application. Lime addition reduced the soil exchangeable K (EK) content
and stock, while increased soil non-exchangeable K (NEK) content and
stock. Redundancy analysis showed that K input, lime, pH, and
exchangeable calcium all significantly affected the K in soil and crops.
Path analysis showed that lime indirectly influenced soil K (EK and NEK)
by directly affecting soil pH, exchangeable calcium, K uptake and
apparent K balances. These results suggest that lime addition is a
viable strategy for improving crop yields and K fertilizer efficiency in
degraded soils caused by acidification. Lime significant increased K
uptake which lead to decreased soil EK content and stock. Additional,
lime also increased soil NEK content and stock which was regulated by
soil pH, exchangeable calcium, and crop growth.