The task used in the MID study engaged similar brain regions during reward anticipation as have previously been seen in adults and adolescents in very similar versions of the same task. Thus, we can eliminate the possibility that this null result with psychopathology was linked to fMRI measurement failure or developmental factors related to the developmental trajectory of structures representing reward anticipation. Similarly, we can also rule out the possibility of measurement error in terms of psychopathology at age 9-10. Depression was meausred with the K-SADS, the gold standard in this age group. Psychotic-like experiences were measured with a new scale developed especially for this study, which has been shown to perform well in this sample (Karcher et al 2018). Given that in middle adolescence, and in adulthood, striatal reward anticipation has been shown to be deficient in  patients with schizophrenia and clinical or subthrehsold depression (REFs), it appears that clear associations between psychopathology and brain reward anticipation signatures only emerge during adolescence.  The ABCD study provides a platform within which this prediction can be tested, as the study protocol is that repeat measures of fMRI and psychopathology will be acquired in the coming years.