The empirical dataset for the given research was extracted from the survey among executives and senior officials of Kazakhstani NGOs. Inasmuch as Kazakhstan is difficult to define as a popular research area, it makes sense to provide background information. Kazakhstan, a former part of Soviet Union, received its independence in 1991. Although various nongovernment organizations existed during the Soviet period (e.g. Komsomol), and spheres of their activities usually covered culture and leisure, the ‘true’ history of the nonprofit sector in Kazakhstan began in the late Soviet period as one of results of Gorbachev’s liberalization policy (perestroika). One of the first mass environmental organizations – international anti-nuclear movement “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” that was established in 1989 can be presented as a symbol of this period (UNDP, 2002; Luong & Weinthal, 1999).