GWAS was conducted in TASSEL on post-imputed and filtered markers in the two families with their respective flower sex phenotypic valuesand phenotypes using a mixed linear model (MLM). As covariates, the first two principal components of MDS analysis was were used to correct for population structure (P), and the kinship matrix (K), the proportion of alleles shared between each pair of vines was used to correct for familial relatedness as covariates. The equation for MLM (P + K) model was: