Open availability of the raw data as well as the analysis methods is central for efficient, collaborative, and transparent research use of bibliographic collections in modern society. We hope that open availability of data and methods, such as the ones released in this project, can pave the way towards open availability of the library catalogues. In some other fields of science, open data availability has already been established as a standard research practice. For instance, the human genome sequencing project and subsequent research programs have critically relied on open data sharing as well as the vast body of open source algorithms that have been collaboratively developed by the research community [REFS]. We seek to advance open research by releasing a notably improved version of the Finnish national bibliography FNB. As such, we hope that our work is setting an example of a dedicated open science project, which aims to open the complete research workflow for collaborative criticism and development. 
Whereas our current work is based on the analysis of national catalogues, it is helping to challenge the nationalistic view of individual catalogues, and paves the way towards large-scale data integration. A number of key challenges remain to be overcome, however, in enhancing data quality, but we have demonstrated that significant historical trends, such as the rate of change in language use or book sizes are often overwhelmingly clear and seen across multiple independently collected catalogues. Integrative analysis can thus help to verify the information and provide complementary views to the universally observed historical trends. Our systematic approach provides a starting point, guidelines, and a set of practically tested algorithms for more extensive analysis and integration. 

Conclusion [300 sanaa sovittu alustavasti - nyt ollaa suunnilleen siinä]

This represents a new research program and technologies to expand the research potential of bibliographic cataloging and classification. Biases, inaccuracies and gaps in data collection or quality may severely hinder productive research use of library catalogues. We discuss the future implications of these methods. This covers key research aspects on the content, management, use, and usability of bibliographic records, with further implications on the underlying principles, functions, and techniques of descriptive cataloging. Our work combines both traditional and contemporary elements of research, and combines theory and scholarly research with a practical application. [HUOM NOITA POINTSEJA POIMITTU JOURNAALIN SCOPESTA - VOI OLLA HYVÄ KOITTAA HUOMIOIDA(?)] National bibliographies can provide comprehensive quantitative insights to the overall historical dynamics of the evolving publishing landscape across time and geography. Biases in data collection or quality may remarkably hinder productive research use of the bibliographies, however. Drawing valid conclusions critically depends on efficient and reliable harmonization and augmentation of the raw entries. In our study based on the Swedish National Bibliography and the Finnish National Bibliography and focusing on publication patterns in Sweden and Finland during the period 1640-1910, we have encountered specific and largely overlooked challenges in using bibliographic catalogues for historical research. Here, we have demonstrated how such challenges can be overcome by specifically tailored open source workflows for data processing and analysis. Furthermore, we show how external sources of metadata, for instance, on authors, publishers, or geographical places, can be used to enrich and verify bibliographic information. This work has potential for wider implementation in related studies and other bibliographies, and provides guidelines for more extensive integration of national catalogues, thus helping to overcome the national view in analysing the past towards a more precise view of print culture beyond the confines of national bibliographies.
pohjoismaa-aspekti ei ole tämän artikkelin kannalta enää relevantti, vaan ollaan vaan menty kohti cross-catalogue analyysiä jossa myös nämä ovat mukana. Kuitenkaan ne ei ole mitenkään käsitteellisesti relevantteja tähän.
Tässä myös tämä Fennica ja Kungliga. Liikkeelle lähdettiin siis siitä että tämä juttu olisi reflektiota siitä miten sen kanssa on tehty. Lopputulos oli kuitenkin se että tultiin kunnianhimoisempaan lähtökohtaan eli tässä nyt sitten paljon muutakin ja paljon mielekkäämmin. Kuitenkin myös tekstiä pitää samassa suhteessa muistaa päivittää.
Transfer into practice !