Study area
- general description
- highly studied nature reserve \cite{Lane_2015}
- geology
- Vallon de Nant is part of what is called "les nappes helvétiques" (also called helvetic nappes in english), more precisely, the reverse side of the Nappe de Morcle- this does not mean a lot to international audience: translation: nappes helvétiques = superpos MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION FOR CROSS CLASSIFICATIONS itions of more than 1000 m of sediment rock layers, of limestone and marls; the sediment rocks are strongly folded; these layers are underlain mostly by flysch, which is a typical alpin sedimentary rock, often considered impervious.- there is some karst on the mountain ridgesVoilà... source: "Petite géologie des Alpes", J. Deferne, N. Engel, 2010
- land use
- dominant landscape units
Materials and methods
- Gaugings (outlet, along stream)
- Sampling (automatic, grab samples)
- Isotope measurements
- Mixing model
- Water temperature as a mean to identify water source type: discuss that just used as qualitative tool to identify spring inflows; discuss why we do not use temperature more systematically (promising, still a lot of work)
- Nobel gases - confirm or reject other hypotheses, for example lapse rate, recharge rate, but only at a snap shot.
Results
Seasonal Variation
- point by point at different point in water shed
3 sinewaves - precipitation, groundwater (of different points in watershed), what lags show and disagree.
- recharge rate or travel time?
- does temperature respond the same way?
-differences in altitude
hysteresis between these points.
temperature
conductivity
Isotopic composition of water sources
- present results
- say what we can learn from mixing model (not focus here)