Growing excitement over the potential of PFE for measurably reducing harm and improving outcomes has generated multiple white papers, frameworks and toolkits designed to engage users of care beyond partnering their own care -- notably, as subject matter experts in safety/quality improvement, organizational governance and policymaking. Hospitals, healthcare systems, and ambulatory clinics that have engaged their users of care in improvement work and at the governance level report significant change in growing and sustaining a culture of safety.
The leading framework for PFE was published by Carman and colleagues in 2013, and outlines opportunities for engagement at three levels: (i) Direct Care, (ii) Organizational Design & Governance (applies to healthcare providers), and (iii) Policymaking (applies to government agencies, research bodies, and non-profit organization).