Figure2: A supercapacitor (bottom) aligns the charges of an electrolyte on either side of an insulator to store a double-layer charge.
Supercapacitor devices consist of two carbon electrodes two separators and one electrolyte. The electrical charges are not bounded to the electrolyte, they are free to move anywhere in the electrolyte which also penetrates the pores of the carbon electrodes. The electrodes are made of high effective surface-area materials such as porous carbon in order to maximize the surface-area of the double-layer. A double layer capacitor of negative and positive charges is generated on the contact surface between the electrode and the electrolyte when a voltage is applied to the terminals of the capacitor. Unlike batteries that store electrical energy in chemical reaction, supercapacitors store energy electrostatically between a solid electrode and oppositely charged electrolyte ions that migrate toward the electrode when a potential is applied. A supercapacitor offers very high capacitance in a small package. A supercapacitor can provide high power for short duration interruptions, while batteries can provide stable power output during a longer interruption. Thanks to their low equivalent series resistance (ESR), supercapacitors provide high power density and high load currents to achieve almost instant charge in seconds. Temperature performance is also strong, delivering energy in temperatures as low as –40°C. SC can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times, leading to a longer life cycle. Novel Nano-capacitors is able to combine high power concentrations and large storage capacities in the same device. The author Lucia Iglesias, et al presents a Novel Electrostatic Super-Capacitors (ESC) made by atomic deposition layer (ALD) on the high open surface of nanoporous anodic alumina. ESC is realized with electrode of successive layers of Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) and Al2O3 as intermediate dielectric layer. The results are high capacitance value of 200