As mentioned, pterostilbene is involved in fatty acid and lipid catabolism through activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) [10]. With respect to the gene ontology analysis (Table (Table3),3), the effect on lipid metabolism by pterostilbene was observed to be less statistically significant, however further examination revealed several important genes associated with lipid metabolism within the microarray data (Table (Table4).4). These included several genes involved in fatty acid breakdown including FOX2 (multifunctional beta-oxidation protein), ECI1 (peroxisomal Δ3, Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase), and OAF1 (oleate-activated transcription factor). In addition, many genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids and sphingolipids were up-regulated by pterostilbene treatment, as well as 8 genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The latter include OAF1 (involved in regulation of beta-oxidation of fatty acids) [28,29], UPC2 (involved in regulation of sterol biosynthesis and transport) [30], and INO4 (involved in regulation of phospholipid metabolism) [31]. Furthermore, two additional genes, MGA2 and SPT23, encoding endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins, Spt23p and Mga2p, respectively, were also up-regulated. Spt23p and Mga2p regulate expression of OLE1, a gene encoding Ole1p, an intrinsic membrane-bound -9 fatty acid desaturase required for the synthesis of oleic acid in yeast cells [32].