Our results demonstrate that pterostilbene significantly (p < 0.05) affected the expression of over a thousand genes under our experimental conditions, with the up- and down-regulation of 1007 and 182 genes, respectively (see Additional file 2: List of all significant pterostilbene-responding genes). The most immediate observation is the very high fraction of up-regulated genes, indicating many different biological processes are affected by pterostilbene (Table (Table2).2). Of these, 44 genes were up-regulated more than 10-fold. The majority of the genes showed fold-changes ranging between 2.0 to 5.0, while approximately 200 genes showed fold-changes of 5.0 to10.0 (Table 2).