Different MOOC providers have attempted to solve these issues in different ways. For example, +Acumen (
https://www.plusacumen.org), aims at empowering social change and provides MOOCs employing in-video transcripts, culturally-diverse case studies, and content that is platform agnostic and is also viewable off-line. Hence, participants come from a diverse pool of countries, including Afghanistan, Botswana and Sri Lanka. Successful participation from those countries and other Fragile States were also reported in Authoraid's offering on Scientific reasearch writing
\cite{Murugesan_2017}, that was mainly text based and low bandwidth friendly format, Moodle (educational platform) and eXelearning (for content creation)
course composed of induction, discussion forums, wrap-up + check your understanding quizzes + peer assessment. Teachers are voluntary mentors from the AuthorAid network + graduates of the train-the-trainer + high achievers from previous runs + detailed guidelines on how to facilitate. They used Moodle (educational platform) and eXelearning (for content creation). Community TAs were MOOC alumni who facilitated the course. Facilitation was incentivised via certificates and badges. They found gender balance among learners (but less women applying or making use of the training in their career than men).