Conclusion:
HLH is considered as a fatal disease, despite its low incidence, it should be brought up quickly in the presence of any unexplained prolonged fever.
In our case, HLH was associated with an HCV-HBV coinfection which is very rare. The early concomitant treatment of viral hepatitis infection and HLH saved our patient.
All physicians should be aware of HLH, because early recognition may prevent irreversible organ damage and subsequent death (14, 15), they don’t have to hesitate to realize the biological assessment and to repeat it if necessary to confirm the presence of HLH in order to be able to start the specific treatment in time and thus improve the prognosis which remains bleak for this pathology.
The reason for sharing this case is to facilitate knowledge transfer between physicians, caring for adult patients with HLH, with the aim to improve the outcome of these patients.