The common element that we find in every house is the need to protect the users from summer overheating: this problem was solved taking advantage of the thermal mass of heavy materials (as previously mentioned) used to build the shelters, small opening were applied to enhance ventilation and, in bigger constructions, courtyards were built.
As mentioned, overheating is the most frequent discomfort index to face: the first populations living in this area realized, inspiring from caves, that the heavier were the shelter’s materials, the longer they would take to heat up and, when a good ventilation was free to flow through the openings, the envelope components would cool down during night. The result of thermal mass discovery was the construction of walls 80-120 cm thick, whose core was filled by small stones and mortar.