The main material used are sandstone (arenaria), limestone (calcare), mud (and mustone) and gypsum; obviously the characteristics of the stones vary within the areas, being limestone used most likely in the mountain localities while sandstone along the coast.
One of the oldest technologies is the one of the mudstone
(sun dried bricks) use in the Gaza area and in Jordan: it is a molding
stone that is formed in wooden molds; mudstone is prepared from local
mud (red soil) mixed with sand and water to be dried in the sun. The material
obviously has a short life and for this reason the use, when still used,
is for inner partitions.