Since Clermont – Ferrand is a place which is related with local constructional materials, the following design strategies can be presented as an effective way to maximize comfort and minimize energy needs through the design procedure:
Design Considerations
- Individual site analysis and location within the region will determine whether heating or cooling is the predominant need
- Use convective ventilation and heat circulation
- Lower thermal mass requirements allow for low embodied energy solutions
- Sites with solar access require north-facing living areas with majority of glazing
- Where solar access is unavailable, lightweight solutions that respond quickly and efficiently to minimal, carbon-efficient auxiliary heating are a viable alternative
Windows and Shading
- Avoid overuse of glazing
- Carefully size and orientate windows, as this will often yield ideal results with less expensive glazing options
- Reduce expenditure on glazing and divert the savings to efficient appliances and on-site renewable energy generation, generating effective carbon reductions
- When glazing is used, use high SHGC and low U-value glazing
- Use passive solar shading on northerly windows
- Minimize and shade all east and west-facing glass in summer
- Consider adjustable shading to allow variable solar access in spring and autumn
Insulation
- Use bulk and reflective insulation in ceilings, and bulk or reflective insulation in walls
- Insulate all thermal mass externally
- Refer to Insulation for recommended optimal insulation levels
- Insulate under concrete slabs if using in-slab heating
- Insulate elevated floors by the use of lightweight concrete
- Seal thoroughly against droughts and use entry airlocks
Heating and Cooling
- Reducing heat gain though appropriate use of windows and glazing (size, location and type) is a critical design consideration
- Cooling comfort is simply achieved with adequate cross-ventilation and minimizing solar and ambient heat gains with shading and insulation
- Passive solar heating is essential and simply achieved where solar access is available