Fig.11-12 Rent Growth Income Integration level excluding outliers, 1990-2000-2010
The linear models, although excluding outliers of very rich PUMAs, were insufficient with explaining the data of rent growth over income integration level, with both R-squared being very low. The fitted lines do express a change in the correlation direction between the years: if between 1990 and 2000 the more integrated the PUMA was the more significantly increased was its median rent, it seems that at the later 10 years period the correlation, although weak, was opposite. Overall, those are inadvisable models for this analysis.
Results
The information emerged from the data analysis was clear in the sense of revealing the urban renewal processes occurring in NYC in the past few decades, including gentrification, increasing rent burden, and the risk of displacement. New York City is becoming more and more Income Integrated, and more and more polarized in its neighborhoods’ income integration level, losing its middle class neighborhoods to integrated neighborhoods on one hand and poor and rich neighborhoods on the other hand. The meaning of this trend, though, remained ambiguous. One side of it is more opportunities to social and economic mobility, while the flip side is the increasing rent burden that risks the poorer households with displacement.
The data showed a good chance of clustering, meaning the richer neighborhoods are going through a different kind of income integration process from the less affluent neighborhoods, and that each group should get a individual analysis to better understand the trend and its consequences.
-> housing stability.
-> rent burden -> in our definition -> median rent price / median income at PUMA level
-> change of rent burden from 1990 to 2010 shows there is a pattern with certain neighborhoods.
-> we wanna tracking the rent burden because it's related to housing stability.
-> is it spatial correlated to the neighborhood?
-> Global Moran'S I - -> Yes!
What is characteristic of the neighborhood?
income segregation?
Look up High High and High Low in NYC
Correaltion rent burdern and income integration level of HH and HL
It doesn't tell anything to us but we believe we can find other charateristic on the HH and HL area on further research.
References
Freeman, L., & Braconi, F. (2004). Gentrification and Displacement New York City in the 1990s.
Journal of the American Planning Association,70(1), 3952.
Fry, R., & Taylor, P. (2012). The rise of residential segregation by income. Pew Research Center.
Glass, R. (1964). London : aspects of change . London: MacGibbon.
Kontokosta, C. E. (2014). Mixedincome housing and neighborhood integration: Evidence from
Inclusionary Zoning programs. Journal Of Urban Affairs, 36(4), 716741.