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\begin{document}

\title{Less surface sea ice melt in the CESM2 improves Arctic sea ice
simulation with minimal non-polar climate impacts}



\author[1,1]{Jennifer E Kay}%
\author[1,1]{Patricia DeRepentigny}%
\author[2,2]{Marika M Holland}%
\author[2,2]{David Anthony Bailey}%
\author[2,2]{Alice K. DuVivier}%
\author[3,3]{Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth}%
\author[2,2]{Clara Deser}%
\author[1,1]{Alexandra Jahn}%
\author[4,4]{Hansi Alice Singh}%
\author[3,3]{Madison Margaret Smith}%
\author[5,5]{Melinda Anne Webster}%
\author[2,2]{James Edwards}%
\author[6,6]{Sun-Seon Lee}%
\author[7,7]{Keith Rodgers}%
\author[2,2]{Nan A. Rosenbloom}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[2]{National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)}%
\affil[3]{University of Washington}%
\affil[4]{University of Victoria}%
\affil[5]{University of Alaska Fairbanks/Geophysical Institute}%
\affil[6]{IBS Center for Climate Physics (ICCP), Pusan National University}%
\affil[7]{IBS Center for Climate Physics}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This study isolates the influence of sea ice mean state on
pre-industrial climate and transient 1850-2100 climate change within a
fully coupled global model: The Community Earth System Model version 2
(CESM2). The CESM2 sea ice model physics is modified to increase surface
albedo, reduce surface sea ice melt, and increase Arctic sea ice
thickness and late summer cover. Importantly, increased Arctic sea ice
in the modified model reduces a present-day late-summer ice cover bias.
Of interest to coupled model development, this bias reduction is
realized without degrading the global simulation including
top-of-atmosphere energy imbalance, surface temperature, surface
precipitation, and major modes of climate variability. The influence of
these sea ice physics changes on transient 1850-2100 climate change is
compared within a large initial condition ensemble framework. Despite
similar global warming, the modified model with thicker Arctic sea ice
than CESM2 has a delayed and more realistic transition to a seasonally
ice free Arctic Ocean. Differences in transient climate change between
the modified model and CESM2 are challenging to detect due to large
internally generated climate variability. In particular, two common sea
ice benchmarks - sea ice sensitivity and sea ice trends - are of limited
value for comparing models with similar global warming. More broadly,
these results show the importance of a reasonable Arctic sea ice mean
state when simulating the transition to an ice-free Arctic Ocean in a
warming world. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of
large initial condition ensembles for credible model-to-model and
observation-model comparisons.%
\end{abstract}%



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