Intermediate conclusion: People who are exposed to arsenic in drinking water will have skin lesions
P
C: While not absolute, there may be a probability that these people may have been exposed to inorganic arsenic through their drinking water
Up to this point, you get to see a play of
Spurious correlations
Chance, Bias, Confounding
Role of chance
Bias
Confounding Variables
Hill's Considerations
Rothman's Pie & component cause model
Necessary and sufficient causes
Attributable Risk and Population Attributable Risk
Study designs in Health
How to read a paper
Citation of the paper
Synopsis
Conclusion
Reasoning
Evidence
Your analysis
Questions to go forward
Quotations
How to write a research proposal: what elements to include
Worked out examples