Variables affecting the AC/AM value for a pathogen. This diagram shows the individual variables and sub-variables that contribute towards the estimation of the AMR cost per standard unit of anti-microbial used for Pathogen X (AC/AMX). The Resistance Modulating Factor describes what proportion of AMR can be attributed to antimicrobial use and is derived from a correlation between AMR rates in pathogen X and anti-microbial use. The cost of AMR is separated into direct costs (cost resulting from treatment) and indirect cost (non-treatment cost such as loss of economic productivity due to premature patient death). Total antimicrobials used defines the sum of antimicrobials used that are implicated in the development of AMR of pathogen X