The Fig. 1A shows the photo-current control experiment of the GE coated with thylakoid membrane and a photo current of 18 nA was observed under the illumination of 6800 w/M2 visible range light  in 10mM pH=7.4 PBS. From this result, it was understood that, direct electron transfer obtained as a result of the oxidation of water through photosynthesis without using any mediator or a special system accelerating the electron transfer. All the control experiments were performed at 0 V constant potential, and 500 mg/mL thylakoid membrane.

After the GE was coated with P(DTP-Ph-NH2) conducting polymer by using electro-polymerization method for 40 cycles,  500 mg/ml thylakoid membrane film was immobilized onto the electrode. Then the electrode was immediately put into 10mM pH 7.4 PBS and 6800 w/M² visible light was illuminated to the system, under 0 V constant potential. The amount of photo-current was obtained from the system increased up to 107 nA (Fig. 1B). This shows the enhancement of conductivity was achieved by the P(DTP-Ph-NH2) polymer, which was effective on the transfer of electrons.