Pardo et al.exemplified the potential of gene therapy via introducing adenovectors expressing IGF-1 into aged mice through delivery of ependymalroute. This treatment distinctly raised IGF-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which was paralleled by the pronounced increase of hippocampal neurogenesis as well as improvement of spatial memory accuracy [25]. Importantly, for the first time, this study reported the positive effect of in vivoadministration of IGF-1 on restoring astrocyte branching in aged rats [25], which could also contribute to memory improvement. Furthermore, specific introduction of IGF-1 gene to NSCs of dentate gyrus was sufficient to mitigate cognitive decline in aged mice [26]. These studies demonstrate that overexpression of IGF-1 in vivohas beneficial effect and could be considered as a therapeutic strategies to deal with ageing. In addition to gene therapy, administration of antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam[27] and aripiprazole [28], has been found as promising drugs to rescue cognitive deficits. Previous researches reported that rufinamide(RUF), an antiepileptic drug, had therapeutic potential recovering functional and behavioral damage caused by diabetic neuropathy [29]. Chen et al.first investigated the beneficial effect of RUF regarding hippocampal neurogenesis in their latest research [30]. Treatment with 3mg/kg RUF for 4 weeks in aged gerbils led to considerable increase in neurogenesis, newborn cell proliferation and maturation, with memory and learning abilities simultaneously improved. Finally, elevated levels of IGF-1, its receptor IGF-1R and CREB phosphorylation after RUF treatment together accounted for the mechanism of RUF. It is concluded that RUF improved neurogenesis in the hippocampus through stimulating IGF-1 signaling pathways [30].