Chen BH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Song M, Kim H, Lee T, Lee JC, Kim Y, Hwang IK, Kim DW: Rufinamide, an antiepileptic drug, improves cognition and increases neurogenesis in the aged gerbil hippocampal dentate gyrus via increasing expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1R and p-CREB. Chem.Biol.Interact.2018, 286: 71-77.
This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of rufinamide on neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Rufinamide treatment in aged gerbil improved hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive behaviour via CREB regulation, which was activated by IGF-1 binding with its receptor IGF-1R. 
31.     Song Y, Pimentel C, Walters K, Boller L, Ghiasvand S, Liu J, Staley KJ, Berdichevsky Y: Neuroprotective levels of IGF-1 exacerbate epileptogenesis after brain injury. Scientific reports2016, 6: 32095.
32.     
 
Tumati S, Burger H, Martens S, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Aleman A: Association between cognition and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in middle-aged & older men: an 8 year follow-up study. PloS one2016, 11: e0154450.
This 8-year follow-up study suggested that in human both high and low levels of IGF-1 were associated with poor cognitive functions, indicating that human brain required optimum levels of IGF-1 to accomplish optimal functioning. 
33.     Chigogora S, Zaninotto P, Kivimaki M, Steptoe A, Batty G: Insulin-like growth factor 1 and risk of depression in older people: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Translational psychiatry2016, 6: e898.
34.     Mir S, Cai W, Carlson SW, Saatman KE, Andres DA: IGF-1 mediated neurogenesis involves a novel RIT1/Akt/Sox2 cascade. Scientific reports2017, 7: 3283.
35.     Intlekofer KA, Cotman CW: Exercise counteracts declining hippocampal function in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol.Dis.2013, 57: 47-55.
36.     Saraulli D, Costanzi M, Mastrorilli V, Farioli-Vecchioli S: The long run: Neuroprotective effects of physical exercise on adult neurogenesis from youth to old age. Current neuropharmacology2017, 15: 519-533.
37.     
 
Stimpson NJ, Davison G, Javadi A: Joggin’the Noggin: Towards a Physiological Understanding of Exercise-Induced Cognitive Benefits. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews2018, .
This review proposed a model describing possible stages involved in the mechanism of exercise-induced neurogenesis improvement. The model demonstrated that exercise increased IGF-1 and IGF-1 upregulated BDNF expression, under the regulation of CREB. 
38.     Carro E, Nunez A, Busiguina S, Torres-Aleman I: Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates effects of exercise on the brain. J.Neurosci.2000, 20: 2926-2933.
39.     Ahn JH, Choi JH, Park JH, Kim IH, Cho J, Lee J, Koo H, Hwangbo G, Yoo K, Lee CH: Long-term exercise improves memory deficits via restoration of myelin and microvessel damage, and enhancement of neurogenesis in the aged gerbil hippocampus after ischemic stroke. Neurorehabil.Neural Repair2016, 30: 894-905.
40.     Vanzella C, Neves JD, Vizuete AF, Aristimunha D, Kolling J, Longoni A, Gonçalves CAS, Wyse AT, Netto CA: Treadmill running prevents age-related memory deficit and alters neurotrophic factors and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Behav.Brain Res.2017, 334: 78-85.
41.     Strle K, Broussard SR, McCusker RH, Shen W, Johnson RW, Freund GG, Dantzer R, Kelley KW: Proinflammatory cytokine impairment of insulin-like growth factor I-induced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle myoblasts requires ceramide. Endocrinology2004, 145: 4592-4602.
42.     Bilkei-Gorzo A, Albayram O, Draffehn A, Michel K, Piyanova A, Oppenheimer H, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Rácz I, Ulas T, Imbeault S: A chronic low dose of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) restores cognitive function in old mice. Nat.Med.2017, 23: 782.
43.     Raefsky SM, Mattson MP: Adaptive responses of neuronal mitochondria to bioenergetic challenges: roles in neuroplasticity and disease resistance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine2017, 102: 203-216.
44.     Lee C, Bendriem RM, Wu WW, Shen R: 3D brain Organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells: promising experimental models for brain development and neurodegenerative disorders. J.Biomed.Sci.2017, 24: 59.
45.     Huang J, Chen J: Tranylcypromine causes neurotoxicity and represses BHC110/LSD1 in Human iPSC-Derived Cerebral Organoids Model. Frontiers in neurology2017, 8: 626.