Conclusions

Environmental omics, including nucleic acid adductomics, can provide valuable biomarkers for assessing exposure to environmental contaminants and effects. It is applicable to virtually any organism possessing DNA and requires only a few micrograms of DNA per sample. Incorporating DNA adductomics into the existing biomarker batteries would be a much-needed tool for the early detection of genome-level alterations in wildlife and represent a significant advancement in environmental health assessment. 
The DNA adductomics workflow described here demonstrates that the technology is ready to integrate DNA adductome screening in large-scale environmental monitoring targeting wildlife. We can screen and process data for low-mass adducts, such as epigenetic marks or oxidative adducts, and high-mass bulky adducts, providing a broad range of detectable adducts for environmental assessment. Open-source databases and software are available, allowing the screening of individual samples even for small-bodied animals with high mass accuracy and at reasonable costs. Additionally, the raw files are routinely archived and can be re-processed at any time to obtain more information from a single sample.
In environmental monitoring programmes, opting for designated facilities for DNA adduct analysis where the analytical process is conducted by skilled professionals using cutting-edge equipment, software, and databases. Relying on designated facilities ensures data accuracy, reliability, and archival and thus promotes data consistency and comparability across different regions, species and monitoring initiatives. All of these aspects are crucial for the success of monitoring initiatives aimed at assessing DNA modifications due to environmental exposures.