Many models were created to capture the commonalities within the open-ended fitness landscape. For example, it is said that evolution in biology, technology, and language systems alike, some units (e.g. gene expression in biology, an invention in technology, or a word in language) is expressed more frequently than others, which creates a fat-tailed distribution (Zipf’s law; ref.). Accordingly, Arthur & Polak (2006), which specifically focused on technological evolution have found that whenever a key invention is made, this is followed by a rapid increase in other inventions, which they called the technological Cambrian explosion. Also, newly improved inventions often rapidly replace old and less efficient inventions, which they termed gales of destruction which they referred from the works by Schumpeter (ref.).
Technological evolution has also been studied in area called cultural evolution. For example, Mesoudi & O’Brien (2008) showed that participants under closed fitness landscape are able to create better arrow-heads by social learning. In their experiment, participants created virtual arrow-heads that contained several dimensions (length, height, width, etc.). Using a computer program, participants could change the values of each dimension. Results of arrow-heads were given from a mathematical function that weighted each dimension with a normally distributed noise. In each phase, participants could see the results of other participants and were able to copy the arrow-heads if desired. Experimental results showed that participants with social learning outperformed participants that could only rely on individual learning.  
The open-endedness of fitness landscape and the combinatorial nature of evolution are under studied especially in technological evolution studies forwarded by cultural evolutionists. This is understandable considering that open-ended fitness landscape being challenging to model, and that many models used in cultural evolution adapt models from biology, which also models evolution as closed fitness landscape. A bridge is needed to fill the gap between models in open-ended and closed fitness landscape.
The simplicity of the models created by the cultural evolutionists also had many implications which could be interesting to consider within open-ended fitness landscape. One such instance is the landmark paper by Henrich (2004). He proposed that increase in population size affects the up rise and the speed of cumulative cultural evolution. When each agent of a population loses the cultural trait of the previous generation by some error distribution, increase in population size can downfall the effect of this error, and in return, cumulative culture will occur.
Whether population size will increase the speed of cumulative culture within open-ended fitness landscape is opened for a debate. However, considering that there might be a correlation between increase in population size (ref.) and the speed of technological development (Moore?) in recent century within the real world, population size might act as a driver in open-ended fitness landscape. This paper aims to address this issue using agent-based like simulation.
In the simulation, 
agent という言葉を使う意図