Skin Conductance
    In this study, skin conductance readings were taken throughout the six-minute period to measure arousal and attentiveness levels during each style of lecture. To perform this test, LabChart software, a PowerLab, a GSR Amplifier, GSR electrodes, a thermister pod, and a skin temperature probe were required. \cite{service}. The GSR electrodes will be placed on the palmar base of the participant's right first and third fingers. The differences between the maximum and minimum GSR values were subtracted and compared for the control, traditional, and non-traditional videos. A paired t-test was run and the average values for the differences between the traditional and non-traditional videos were compared.
HRV
    HRV was collected during this study to qualify the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system was used as a physiological measure to quantify attentiveness. To perform this, test a finger pulse transducer, LabChart software, and PowerLab were utilized. The finger pulse transducer was placed on the middle finger of the right hand. The pulse transducer was connected to the input of the PowerLab. The participant was instructed to keep their hand relaxed and still in their lap throughout the course of the videos. The data was recorded in LabChart during the videos. After the study, the data was uploaded into Kubios HRV to analyze it. 
Survey
After taking part in the experiment, participants were given a survey. The survey contained five questions and sought to understand the participants' perceptions of the lectures. The survey asked "Which lecture did you like the most?" and "Which lecture did you find the most educational?" Further, for each video, the participants were asked whether or not they felt they learned something. Participants had the option to reply with "strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," or "strongly disagree." This survey was administered by giving participants access to a Google Forms document. The survey data was correlated with data from other measures to see if it affected the findings.    

Study population 

Procedure 1: Electrooculography (EOG)

     Electrooculography setup was followed according to LabChart Student Protocol for “Electrooculography” from sections “Equipment Setup and Electrode Attachment” to “Exercise 1: EOG Artifacts”. Once those sections were complete, the participant's gaze was calibrated then the control and lecture videos were shown in the appropriate order \cite{service}. In order to obtain the data, the subject sat in a chair 18 inches from the screen. The recording was started and the volunteer shifted their gaze from one side of the computer screen to the other multiple times and stopped in the middle of the screen.  Once completed, the recording was stopped. The portion corresponding to the volunteer's gaze left and right was selected. The amplitude scale was adjusted according to the subject's gaze assuming the center was 0%. Data varying -50% or lower and 50% or higher were considered off-screen. Once this was set up, the student watched the control video. This was repeated with each lecture type. The EOG data was subject to drift throughout the video. To account for this drift, the slope of the data was found and multiplied by time. This value was then subtracted from the original data to provide new data that was adjusted for drift. A calculator was created in excel to determine how many times the subject looked off-screen. The calculator counted how many times the adjusted data differed by 50% from the original reading after the calibration of that portion of the experiment. The value of 50% was chosen since the EOG was calibrated at the center of the screen with the edges of the screen being -50% and 50% from left to right respectively. This process was repeated for the three videos that were shown to each participant. The values from the control, lecture video, and entertaining video were all compared and a paired two-tailed t-test was run.

Procedure 2: Skin Conductance (GSR)

    Skin conductance setup and calibration were followed according to LabChart Student Protocol for "Psychophysiology" from sections "Setup and Equipment Calibration" to "Examining the Startle Response".  The control and lecture videos were shown in the appropriate order.  The recording was started and as the volunteer watched each video, GSR was continuously recorded.  Once, completed, the recording was stopped. 
    To analyze the data collected from the GSR electrodes, the difference between the maximum and minimum values was calculated for the control, traditional, and non-traditional videos. This procedure was completed for each participant. There was no significant difference based on the order the videos were watched, so the data for both groups was compiled.  The average difference for the traditional videos and the average difference for the non-traditional videos were graphed. A two-tailed t-test was performed.

Procedure 3: Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

    A finger pulse transducer was utilized to collect the heart rate from the participant. Setup for this component followed the LabChart Student Protocol for "ECG & Peripheral Circulation" in section "Equipment Setup and Electrode Attachment". The finger pulse transducer collected data throughout the entirety of the videos. 
    To analyze the information gathered from the finger pulse transducer, the data was uploaded into Kubios HRV. The program automatically calculated the components of HRV. Trend components were removed using smooth priors and a lambda of 500 Hz. For this study, the percent power of the low frequency was utilized to quantify the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The LF value was taken for the first minute of the video and the last minute to compare the change in sympathetic stimulation. This value was graphed in multiple comparisons to show the difference in sympathetic nervous system stimulation during the lectures. Two-tailed t-tests were performed to identify significance in comparing groups.