3. Generic information
Different Scientists gave different information about genetic evolution like; Carl Sagan who showed by using simple calculation that how one cell’s value of genetic information approximates four thousand books of written information while volume of each book would have 50 cubic inches (Sagan, 1977). 1014 cells are present in each adult individual. About 800 cubic miles have been worn from the Grand Canyon. According to that if each cell in one individual’s body was reduced to four thousand books then they would fill the Grand Canyon 98 times.
((10^14×4000×(50inches))^3)×/(800mile^3) )× ( (mile)/ ((5280)×12inches)^3)=98
From earth the moon is 240,000 miles. If the human cell DNA were prolonged out and linked, it would be more than 7 feet long. If the entire DNA in one individual’s body were located back-to-back, it would enlarge to the moon 552,000 times.
((10^14×7 feet)/(240,000miles) )× (mile/5280 feet)) = 552,000
The weight of DNA in human cell is 6.4 × 10−12 g and almost less than fifty billion individuals lived on earth, if one copy of DNA from living individual were taken it is enough to define the physical characteristics of all those inhabitants in microscopic aspect and would weigh only, which is less than the weight of 1 aspirin.
6.4 × 10^-12 × 50 × 109 = 0.32 g
According to Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, biochemical systems are exceptionally composite, so much so that the possibility of their being shaped from side to side haphazard shuffling of simple organic molecules is remarkably small, to a position certainly where it is inertly different from zero (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, 1999). Life cannot have a random beginning, like monkey’s troops thundering on typewriter could not be able to produce Shakespeare work. For the realistic cause entire visible universe is not vast adequate to hold the essential monkey hordes, essential typewriters, and surely the baskets for waste paper required for the deposition of wrong attempts. The same is true for the living matter.
The simple truth is not mentioned by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe that even a few correct words typed by monkey’s hordes would decompose long before a whole sentence of Shakespeare was completed. In the same way, a small number of correct amino acids sequences would decay long before a protein was completed, not to point out that thousands of proteins must be at their proper place in a living cell. At last the most composite condition of all is the occurrence of working DNA (Vogel, 2001). They also state that our intelligence must reflect a vastly superior intelligence, even the tremendous idealized limit of God. They also believe that life was created by some intelligence somewhere in outer space and latter was transported to the Earth. All point mutations that have been studied on the molecular level turn out to reduce the genetic information and not to increase it (Storz, 2002).
As Murray Eden reported that it is our contention that if ‘random’ is given a serious and crucial interpretation from a probabilistic opinion, then the randomness assumption is greatly improbable and a sufficient scientific theory of evolution has to wait for the finding and clarification of new natural laws like physical, physico-chemical, and biological (Eden, 1967). I. After clearing up the above to a scientific symposium, Hoyle said that evolution was similar with the possibility that “a tornado sweeping through a junk-yard might assemble a Boeing 747 from the materials therein.
According to Ohno’s likable term is junk DNA that traps and no doubt dispirited a generation of researchers from studying the huge amount of important “junk” DNA that did not code for proteins (Ohno, 1972). This study made an insightful point that if all the DNAs of human, mice and other organisms were useful then after so many mutations that build up in hundreds of millions of years then those species become extinct.
In different species non coding DNA differs more as compared to protein coding DNA. If we find a particular protein coding gene in human then we find nearly the same gene in mice and that rule just does not work for narrow elements. The biggest mistake in the history of molecular biology is the failure to recognize the importance of introns (Mattick, 2003).
In transcription regulation, replication, RNA processing, translation and protein degradation non coding RNAs play an important role. Recent studies show that non coding RNAs are more important and abundant as compared to those initially imagined. The term junk DNA which is used is the reflection of our ignorance, non gene sequence also has their regulatory role (Birney, 2012).
Fig. 3 shows that macroevolution would need a rising change in the complication of definite traits and organs while the microevolution is involved only in horizontal changes with no rising complications. Most of the creationists agree that natural selection occurs but it does not result in macroevolution.