3.2 Leaf out, leaf senescence and growing season length
The effects of warming on leaf out, leaf senescence, and growing season length differed greatly among species (Table S3 and Fig. S2). Warming significantly advanced leaf out dates for six of the eight species by 4.7 to 7.4 days, while warming had no effect on leaf out date ofArtemisia scoparia and Heteropappus altaicus (Table 1 and Fig. 2). Warming significantly delayed leaf senescence forKobresia humilis , Artemisia scoparia , andHeteropappus altaicus by 3.2, 4.2 and 5.7 days, respectively, while warming advanced leaf senescence for Gentiana squarrosa by 6.7 days. Warming significantly extended growing season length by 5.4 to 9.0 days for five of the eight species, while warming did not affect growing season length for Artemisia scoparia , Heteropappus altaicus , and Gentiana squarrosa .
When soil temperature, soil moisture, soil inorganic N, and warming treatment were used to constrain the ordination of species-specific phenology with RDA, the full RDA model accounted for 57, 70, and 66% of variation in leaf out, leaf senescence, and growing season length, respectively (Fig. S3).