where ɛd is dielectric constant of the dielectric block, ɛf is dielectric constant of the electrolyte, Φd, and Φf are potentials in the bulk fluid and dielectric block, respectively, KB is Boltzmann constant, T is absolute temperature, e is elementary charge, z is valence of ions, and ζd0 is zeta potential corresponding to surface charge density (qd0). Wu and Li (Z. Wu & Li, 2008b) suggested a numerical calculation for the induced zeta potential on the surface of an arbitrary polarizable object (equations 6).