Experimental test system
The water infiltration measurement system consists of a Mariotte bottle (used to control the water head constant; radius 5 cm, height 50 cm), cylindrical transparent Perspex chamber (radius 10 cm, height 100 cm), an adjustable lifting table (Wuhan Red Star Yang Science & Technology Co., Ltd., China) to adjust the water head between the soil surface and the water outlet of the Mariotte bottle, a Meacon gravity sensor (Hangzhou Meacon Automation Technology Co., Ltd., China), an RX9600 data collector and Mik-Bsqd signal amplifier (Hangzhou Meacon Automation Technology Co., Ltd., China), and a computer, as shown in Fig. 2. In the experiments, the scanning time interval was 2 s and the water head was 1 cm at the soil surface.