References
- Abrahams, A.D., Parsons, A.J., Luk,
S.H., 1985. Field measurement of the velocity of overland flow using
dye tracing. Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 11: 653-657.
- Amezketa, E., 1999. Soil aggregate stability: a review. Journal of
Sustainable Agriculture, 14(2): 83-151.
- Baets, S.D., Poesen, J., Gyssels,
G., Knapen, A., 2006. Effects of grass roots on the erodibility of
topsoils during concentrated flow. Geomorphology, 76(1-2): 0-67.
- Baets, S.D., Poesen, J., Knapen, A.,
Galindo, P., 2007. Impact of root architecture on the erosion-reducing
potential of roots during concentrated flow. Earth Surface Processes
& Landforms, 32(9): 1323-1345.
- Bryan, R.B., 2000. Soil erodibility
and processes of water erosion on hillslope. Geomorphology, 32(3):
385-415.
- Burylo, M., Rey, F., Mathys, N.,
Dutoit, T., 2012. Plant root traits affecting the resistance of soils
to concentrated flow erosion. Earth Surface Processes & Landforms,
37(14): 1463-1470.
- Cao, L., Zhang, K., Zhang, W., 2009.
Detachment of road surface soil by flowing water. Catena, 76(2):
0-162.
- Chow, T.L., Rees, H.W., Monteith,
J., 2000. Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four
tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick,
Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80(4): 649-660.
- DiAz-Zorita, M., Perfect, E., Grove,
J.H., 2002. Disruptive methods for assessing soil structure. Soil &
Tillage Research, 64(1-2): 3-22.
- Edwards, L.M., 1991. The effect of
alternate freezing and thawing on aggregate stability and aggregate
size distribution of some Prince Edward Island soils. European Journal
of Soil Science, 42(2): 193-204.
- Ellison, D., W., 1945. Some effects
of raindrops and surface-flow on soil erosion and infiltration. Eos
Transactions American Geophysical Union, 26(3): 415.
- Froese, J.C., Cruse, R.M.,
Ghaffarzadeh, M., 2001. he mechanism of freeze-thaw erosion.
Technology of soil and water conservation, 26(3): 26-28.
- Gao, S., Jia, Y., Fan, H., Li, G.,
2015. Effect of freezing and thawing on soil anti-sxourability under
different land use types in the black soil region of Northeast China.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 29(6): 69-73.
- Govers, G., Giménez, R., Oost,
K.V., 2007. Rill erosion: Exploring the relationship between
experiments, modelling and field observations. Earth-Science Reviews,
84(3-4): 87-102.
- Gyssels, G., Poesen, J., Liu, G.,
Van, W., A, D., 2006. Effects of cereal roots on detachment rates of
single- and double-drilled topsoils during concentrated flow. European
Journal of Soil Science, 57: 381-391.
- Hairsine, P.B., Rose, C.W., 1992a.
Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles:
1. Sheet flow. Water Resources Research, 28(1): 237-243.
- Hairsine, P.B., Rose, C.W., 1992b.
Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles:
2. Rill flow. Water Resources Research, 28(1): 245-250.
- Jiao, J., Zhang, Z., Bai, W., Jia,
Y., Wang, N., 2012. Assessing the Ecological Success of Restoration by
Afforestation on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Restoration Ecology,
20(2): 240-249.
- Kværnø, S.H., Øygarden, L., 2006.
The influence of freeze–thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate
stability of three soils in Norway. Catena, 67(3): 0-182.
- Laflen, J.M., Elliot, W.J.,
Simanton, J.R., Holzhey, C.S., Kohl, K.D., 1991. WEPP: Soil
Erodibility Experiments for Rangeland and Cropland Soils. Journal of
Soil and Water Conservation, 46(1): 39-44.
- Lal, R., 1989. Soil erosion
research methods. second ed. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Fla,
79(4): 181.
- Lautridou,
G.G.W.E.J.P.G.R.J.D.P.J.P., 1990. A long flume study of the dynamic
factors affecting the resistance of a loamy soil to concentrated flow
erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15(4): 313-328.
- Lehrsch, G.A., Sojka, R.E., Carter,
D.L., Jolley, P.M., 1991. Freezing Effects on Aggregate Stability
Affected by Texture, Mineralogy, and Organic Matter. Soil Science
Society of America Journal, 55(5): 1401.
- Li, Q., Liu, G.B., Xu, M.X., Sun, H., Zhang, Z., Gao, L.Q., 2012.
Effect of seasonal freeze-thaw on soil anti-scouribility and its
related physical property in hilly Loess Plateau. Transactions of the
Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(17):105-112.
- Li, Z.W., Zhang, G.H., Geng, R.,
Wang, H., Zhang, X.C., 2015. Land use impacts on soil detachment
capacity by overland flow in the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 124:
9-17.
- Line, D.E., Meyer, L.D., 1989.
Evaluating Interrill and Rill Erodibilities for Soils of Different
Textures. Transactions of the Asae, 32(6): 1995-1999.
- Misra, R.K., Rose, C.W., 1996. Application and sensitivity analysis of
process-based erosion model GUEST. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47:593-604.
- Morgan, R.P., Quinton, J.N., Smith,
R.E., Govers, G., Poesen, J.W.A., Auerswald, K., Chisci, G., Torri,
D., Styczen, M.E., 1998. The European soil erosion model (EUROSEM): a
dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and
small catchments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(6):
527-544.
- Nearing, M.A., Bradford, J.M.,
Parker, S.C., 1991. Soil Detachment by Shallow Flow at Low Slopes.
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55(2): 339-344.
- Nearing, M.A., Foster, G.R., Lane, L.J., Finker, S.C., 1989. A
process-based soil erosion model for USDA-water erosion prediction
project technology. Trans. ASAE, 32:1587-1593.
- Nearing, M.A., Simanton, J.R.,
Norton, L.D., Bulygin, S.J., Stone, J., 1999. Soil erosion by surface
water flow on a stony, semiarid hillslope. Earth Surf. Proc. Land, 24:
677-686.
- Oztas, T., Fayetorbay, F., 2003.
Effect of freezing and thawing processes on soil aggregate stability.
Catena, 52(1): 0-8.
- Su, Z.-l., Zhang, G.-h., Yi, T.,
Liu, F., 2014. Soil Detachment Capacity by Overland Flow for Soils of
the Beijing Region. Soil Science, 179(9): 446-453.
- Sun, B.Y., 2018. The effect of
seasonal freeze-thaw on soil erdoibility in wind-water erosion
criss-cross region of loss plateau. Northwest A&F University
- Sun, B.Y., Li, J.B., B, X.J., B,
M., T, Z.L., 2018. An analysis of soil detachment capacity under
freeze-thaw conditions using the Taguchi method. Catena, 162: 100-107.
- Van Klaveren, R.W., McCool, D.K.,
2010. Freeze–thaw and water tension effects on soil detachment. Soil
& Water Management & Conservation, 74(4): 1327-1338.
- Viles, H.A., 1990. The agency of
organic beings: a selective review of recent work in biogeomorphology.
In: Thornes, J.B. (Ed.), Vegetation and Erosion: Processes and
Environments. Wiley, Chichester, pp: 5-25.
- Wang, B., Zhang, G.-H., Shi, Y.-Y.,
Zhang, X.C., 2014. Soil detachment by overland flow under different
vegetation restoration models in the Loess Plateau of China. Catena,
116: 51-59.
- Wang, B., Zhang, G.H., Yang, Y.F.,
Li, P.P., Liu, J.X., 2018. The effects of varied soil properties
induced by natural grassland succession on the process of soil
detachment. Catena, 166: 192-199.
- Wang, D., Wang, Z., Shen, N., Chen,
H., 2016. Modeling soil detachment capacity by rill flow using
hydraulic parameters. Journal of Hydrology, 535: 473-479.
- Whalley, W.R., Riseley, B.,
Leeds-Harrison, P.B., Bird, N.R.A., Adderley, W.P., 2005. Structural
differences between bulk and rhizosphere soil. European Journal of
Soil Science, 56(3): 353-360.
- Xiao, H. et al., 2017. Response of
soil detachment rate to the hydraulic parameters of concentrated flow
on steep loessial slopes on the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological
Processes, 31(14): 2613-2621.
- Xu, Z., Huang, L., Yang, Z., Yin,
L., 2019. Influence of different root contents on shear strength of
mountain red earth. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 39(5):
54-59.
- Ye, C., Guo, Z., Li, Z., Cai, C.,
2017. The effect of Bahiagrass roots on soil erosion resistance of
Aquults in subtropical China. Geomorphology, 285: 82-93.
- Zhang, G.H., 2017. Uncertainty
Analysis of Soil Detachment Capacity Measurement[J]. Journal of
Soil and Water Conservation, 31(2):1-6.
- Zhang, G.-H., Liu, G.B., Tang, K.M., X.C. Zhang, 2008. Flow Detachment
of Soils under Different Land Uses in the Loess Plateau of China.
Transactions of the Asabe, 51(3): 883-890.
- Zhang, G., Liu, B., Liu, G., He,
X., Nearing, M.A., 2003. Detachment Of Undisturbed Soil By Shallow
Flow. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67(3): 713-719.
- Zhang, G.H., Liu, B.Y., Nearing,
M.A., Huang, C.H., Zhang, K.L., 2002.Soil detachment by shallow flow.
Transactions of the Asae American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
45(2): 351-357.
- Zhang, L.T., Gao, Z.L., Yang, S.W.,
Li, Y.H, Tian, H.W., 2015. Dynamic processes of soil erosion by runoff
on engineered landforms derived from expressway construction: A case
study of typical steep spoil heap. Catena, 128: 108-121.
- Zheng, F.L., Huang, C.H, Norton,
L.D., 2000. Vertical Hydraulic Gradient and Run-On Water and Sediment
Effects on Erosion Processes and Sediment Regimes. Soil Science
Society of America Journal, 64(1): 4-11.
- Zheng, X.Q., Chen, J.F., Xing, S.Y., 2009. Infiltration capacity and
parameters of freezing and thawing soil under different surface
coverages. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/transactions of the Chinese Society
of Agricultural Engineering, 25(11):23-28.
Table 1 Mechanical compositions and properties of the two soil
types