CuNP, CuONP, ZnONP, AgNP
|
CuNP, CuONP, ZnONP, AgNP
|
10-30 (CuNP);
40 (CuONP)
30±10
(ZnONP),
60-120
(AgNP)
|
10-30 (CuNP);
40 (CuONP)
30±10
(ZnONP),
60-120
(AgNP)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
0.25, 1.25,2.5, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/g SS
|
0.25, 1.25,2.5, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/g SS
|
24 hr
|
24 hr
|
no toxic effects observed for up to 50 mg/g SS of CuONP, ZnONP or
AgNP;
1.25 mg/g SS of CuNP significantly inhibited nitrogen removal;
Anammox granule showed high tolerance to CuNP than flocs;
CuNPs caused LDH release;
EPS play an important role in CuNP toxicity
|
no toxic effects observed for up to 50 mg/g SS of CuONP, ZnONP or
AgNP;
1.25 mg/g SS of CuNP significantly inhibited nitrogen removal;
Anammox granule showed high tolerance to CuNP than flocs;
CuNPs caused LDH release;
EPS play an important role in CuNP toxicity
|
Zhang et al, 2017a
|
Zhang et al, 2017a
|
CuNP, CuONP, ZnONP
|
CuNP, CuONP, ZnONP
|
10-30 (CuNP);
40 (CuONP);
30±10 (ZnONP)
|
10-30 (CuNP);
40 (CuONP);
30±10 (ZnONP)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
5 mg/g SS
|
5 mg/g SS
|
12 hr
|
12 hr
|
CuNP toxicity not affected by coexistence of CuONP or ZnO NP
CuNP toxicity attenuated by EDTA and S2-
|
CuNP toxicity not affected by coexistence of CuONP or ZnO NP
CuNP toxicity attenuated by EDTA and S2-
|
Zhang et al, 2017b
|
Zhang et al, 2017b
|
CuNP
|
CuNP
|
10-30
|
10-30
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
0.5 mg/L for 15 days, 1.0 mg/L for 15 days, 5.0 mg/L for 30 days
|
0.5 mg/L for 15 days, 1.0 mg/L for 15 days, 5.0 mg/L for 30 days
|
60 days
|
60 days
|
No significant effects for low CuNP concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mg/L);
Significant nitrogen removal inhibition and decrease of anammox
bacteria observed at 5 mg/L;
Inhibition effects can be recovered by CuNP withdrew from the influent
|
No significant effects for low CuNP concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mg/L);
Significant nitrogen removal inhibition and decrease of anammox
bacteria observed at 5 mg/L;
Inhibition effects can be recovered by CuNP withdrew from the influent
|
Zhang et al, 2017c
|
Zhang et al, 2017c
|
ZnO NP
|
ZnO NP
|
30±10
|
30±10
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
1.0 mg/L on day 31; 5.0 mg/L on day 46 and 10 mg/L on day 61
|
1.0 mg/L on day 31; 5.0 mg/L on day 46 and 10 mg/L on day 61
|
days
|
days
|
No significant effects at low concentrations (1, 5 mg/L);
Acute inhibition at 10 mg/L; no effect on ROS production or LDH
release;
Recovery after NP withdraw from the effluent
|
No significant effects at low concentrations (1, 5 mg/L);
Acute inhibition at 10 mg/L; no effect on ROS production or LDH
release;
Recovery after NP withdraw from the effluent
|
Zhang et al, 2018a
|
Zhang et al, 2018a
|
Si2O NPs
TiO2 NP
CeO2 NP
α-Al2O3 NP
|
Si2O NPs
TiO2 NP
CeO2 NP
α-Al2O3 NP
|
30±5 (Si2O);
60 (TiO2);
20-50 (CeO2)
30 (α-Al2O3)
|
30±5 (Si2O);
60 (TiO2);
20-50 (CeO2)
30 (α-Al2O3)
|
n/a (siO2)
hydrophilic (TiO2)
n/a (CeO2)
hydrophilic (Al2O3)
|
n/a (siO2)
hydrophilic (TiO2)
n/a (CeO2)
hydrophilic (Al2O3)
|
1 mg/L (day 1-30);
50 mg/L (day 31-60)
200 mg/L (day 61-90)
|
1 mg/L (day 1-30);
50 mg/L (day 31-60)
200 mg/L (day 61-90)
|
See “concentration”
|
See “concentration”
|
No significant effects on nitrogen removal;
Microbial shift
Enhanced EPS production
|
No significant effects on nitrogen removal;
Microbial shift
Enhanced EPS production
|
Zhang et al, 2018b
|
Zhang et al, 2018b
|
Graphene oxide, AgNP
|
Graphene oxide, AgNP
|
n/a (GO);
50 (AgNP)
|
n/a (GO);
50 (AgNP)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
1, 10 mg/L (GO, AgNP)
|
1, 10 mg/L (GO, AgNP)
|
61 days
|
61 days
|
Acute inhibition by GO (1 & 10 mg/L), recovered by day 20 and
reversed by day 61 with enhanced TN removal;
No acute effect of AgNP, long-term inhibition effect of AgNP, no signs
of recovery till end of study
|
Acute inhibition by GO (1 & 10 mg/L), recovered by day 20 and
reversed by day 61 with enhanced TN removal;
No acute effect of AgNP, long-term inhibition effect of AgNP, no signs
of recovery till end of study
|
Li et al, 2019
|
Li et al, 2019
|
AgNP
|
AgNP
|
60-120
|
60-120
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
1 mg/L on day 31;, 10 mg/L on day 61, and 50 mg/L on day 91
|
1 mg/L on day 31;, 10 mg/L on day 61, and 50 mg/L on day 91
|
See “concentration”
|
See “concentration”
|
No adverse effects on nitrogen removal;
Increased abundance of annamox bacteria;
No effects on ROS production or LDH release.
|
No adverse effects on nitrogen removal;
Increased abundance of annamox bacteria;
No effects on ROS production or LDH release.
|
Zhang et al, 2018c
|
Zhang et al, 2018c
|
NZVI
|
NZVI
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
zero
|
zero
|
0.4-5000 ppb
|
0.4-5000 ppb
|
310 days
|
310 days
|
Significant enhancement if nitrogen removal rate;
Enhanced EPS production;
Intermediate dose more efficient in increasing annammox bacteria
metabolism
|
Significant enhancement if nitrogen removal rate;
Enhanced EPS production;
Intermediate dose more efficient in increasing annammox bacteria
metabolism
|
Erdim et al, 2019
|
Erdim et al, 2019
|