SiO2 |
80-100 (DI water) |
n/a |
1, 50 mg/L |
1 day, 50 days |
50 mg/L
NP led to: 1) inhibited N removal; 2) decreased NAR and NIR activities;
3) shift in microbial communities |
Zheng et al, 2012 |
SiO2 |
12, 151, 442, 682 (TEM) |
n/a |
5-500 mg/L |
20 minutes |
1)
Smaller NPs (< 151) are stronger inhibitors than larger NPs on
oxygen uptake; 2)cell membrane damages |
Sibag et al,
2015 |
SiO2 |
30 (TEM) |
n/a |
0-30 mg/L |
300 days |
1) Slight inhibition on
COD & N removal; 2) significant inhibition on P removal; 3) increased
ROS production and LDH release |
Li et al, 2017 |
MWCNT |
40-60 nm (D), 5-15 mm (L) |
n/a |
1, 20 mg/L |
1 day, 180 days |
1) No adverse effects from short-term exposure; 2) 20 mg/L long term led
to decreased N removal, decreased AMO & NOR activities; and decreased
abundance of PAOs; 3) 1 and 20 mg/L long-term led to decreased P
removal, enzyme activities (PPX, PPK) and decreased abundance of AOBs,
4) 1 mg/L long term led to increased abundance of GAOs |
Hai, et al,
2014 |
MWCNT |
2-6 nm (ID), 10-15 nm (OD), 0.1-10 um (L) |
n/a |
0.64, 1.44,
2.16 and 3.24 g/L |
3 hr |
1) Dose-dependent inhibited respiration; 2)
stronger effects on sheared sludge liquor |
Luongo et al,
2010 |
MWCNT-COOH
|
2-5 (ID), 2-8 (OD), 10-30 µm (L)
|
n/a
|
10, 30 mg/L
|
150 days
|
10 mg/L had no adverse effects,
30 mg/L inhibited ammonia removal, increased ROS production
|
Ma et al, 2019
|
MWCNT-COOH
SiO2
TiO2
|
30-50 (OD)
0.5-2 µm (L)
80
10-30
|
n/a
n/a
n/a
|
0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 mg/L
|
overnight
|
1) MWCNT caused slight inhibition in oxygen uptake; & strong inhibition
of BOD removal; 2) SiO2 caused slight change in BOD removal and oxygen
uptake;
3)TiO2 caused significant inhibition on both BOD removal and oxygen
uptake
|
Ergӧn-can et al, 2016
|
SWNT |
n/a |
n/a |
270 mg/L |
Shock load, 18 days |
1) No negative
impact on sludge performance; 2) improved sludge setttleability and
dewaterability |
Yin & Zhang, 2008 |
SWNT |
1-2 nm (OD), 5.0-30 µm (L) |
n/a |
250 mg/L |
3 hr |
1)Inhibition
of respiration and release of biomacromolecules; 2) stronger effects of
sheared sludge liquor |
Thakor et al, 2015 |
SWNT
|
1-2 (diameter),
5-15 µm (L)
|
n/a
|
219 mg/L
|
5 hr
|
SWNTs (not the impurities) caused significant change to microbal
structures
|
Goyal et al, 2010
|
GO |
n/a |
n/a |
10-300 mg/L |
5 days |
1) Inhibition of micriobial
community metabolic activity; 2) decreased organic carbon removal; 3)
200 mg/L higher affected P removal; 4) enhanced ROS production |
Ahmed
et al, 2013 |
Graphite |
n/a |
n/a |
0.5 mg/L |
3 hr |
1) Inhibited nitrification; 2)
damage to nitrifying bacteria; 3) dispersion of EPS |
Dong et al,
2017 |
GO |
|
|
0-1 mg/mL |
|
1) GO inhibited P. Putida growth; 2) cells lost
membrane integrity but preserved metabolic activity |
Combarrous &
Diaz, 2016 |
Graphene |
n/a |
n/a |
0-300 mg/L |
10 hrs |
10 mg/L and higher led to
1) Decreased COD, N and P removal; 2) decreased abundance of AOB, AMO
and PAOs |
Nguyen et al, 2017 |
GO & G |
n/a |
n/a |
1, 5 mg/L |
10 days |
5 mg/L led to 1) reduction
in COD, N and P removal after day 3; steady state reached after day 8;
2) shift in microbial community |
Nguyen et al, 2018 |
GO |
n/a |
n/a |
60 mg/L |
72 min, 235 min |
1) No significant effects
of denitrifying bacteria growth; 2) significantly improved the
activities of nitrifying bacteria; 3) no significant effects on
bacterial community change |
Guo et al, 2018 |
GO & Ag-GO
|
0.5-2 um (GO, TEM)
45.4 nm (AgNP, TEM)
|
n/a
|
10-100 mg/L
|
48 hr
|
1) Decreased nitrification; 2) LDH release, 3) ROS production
|
Ko et al, 2019
|
QDots |
|
PEI-coated; PMAO coated |
Pure culture study |
1-10 nM |
1)
Nitrifiers more susceptible than nitrogen fixing bacteria and
denitrifying bacteria; 2) toxicity came from the NP instead of the
coating or released ion; |
Yang et al, 2012 |