Conclusions
We advocate that interaction-site networks can provide important insights into the types of interactions between pollinators, plants and the land-use in which they occur. This study also highlights the importance of conserving non-bee pollinators in agroecosystems, given many interactions recorded in this study involved flies, wasps and beetles. Further, grass pollen (Poaceae) was a significant component of the specialised interactions across multiple insect orders. The identification of key plant-pollinator interactions that only occur within certain land-use types suggests field-scale management may provide the best outcomes for conserving or restoring plant-pollinator interactions in modified landscapes. Incorporating species interactions into conservation planning is an important next step in conserving critical pollinator taxa and plants that sustain pollination ecosystem services in agroecosystems.
Acknowledgements
We thank all landowners for allowing access to properties, Jemima Connell for assistance with spatial modelling and Dan Bickell for additional assistance with insect identification. JRS was supported by a UNE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and an Endeavour Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. MES was supported by a UNE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. PhyloPics used in figures were created by Gareth Monger, Melissa Broussard and other anonymous illustrators and sourced from http://phylopic.org/, under the following creative commons licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The authors state they have no conflict of interest.