Plant-pollinator interactions that have high conservation value
(i.e. keystone interactions) within and between land-use types
We identified 19 distinct pollen-insect interactions (those that
occurred more than 20 times), which were highly specialised to one
particular land-use type (Table 2). Eleven of the total 19 pollen-insect
pairs (five in cropping, four in dairy and two in forest) had PDI values
significantly higher than those obtained from the null distribution
(P < 0.05, Fig. S2, Table 2). Seven of these
interactions involved fly species (Diptera), three involved bees or
wasps (Hymenoptera) and one involved a beetle (Coleoptera). Pollen
carried in these interactions was from six plant families, predominantly
Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Poaceae (Table 2). Grass pollen (Poaceae) was
carried in eleven of the total specialised interactions by multiple
insect orders (three Coleoptera families, six Diptera, one Hymenoptera
and one Lepidoptera family, Table 2). Other wind-pollinated plant
families (e.g. Cyperaceae) were also involved in highly specialised
interactions with Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera).