FACTORS AFFECTING FERULIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM BANANA STEM WASTE BY FULL
FACTORIAL DESIGN (FFD)
Abstract
There are countless attempts on applying banana stem waste (BSW) as a
feedstock for renewable energy, the materials are also known to be
excellent substrate for various bioproducts. Ferulic acid happens to be
one of the bioproducts that can be produced from BSW recognized to be
great anti-oxidant compound and desired by pharmaceutical and food
industries around the globe. This study employed enzymatic hydrolysis of
feruloyl-polysaccharide from banana stem waste (BSW) by soil mixed
culture (SMC) to produce ferulic acid (FA) using 25 full factorial
design (FFD) to investigate the effect and interaction of these five
factors affecting FA production: fermentation temperature (A; oC),
agitation (B; rpm), water-to-BSW ratio (C;v/v), substrate-to-inoculums
ratio (D;v/v), and inoculation time (E; days). The linear model was well
fitted at R2=0.8019 with factors contribution percentages in the order
of E > C > A > D >
B. Inoculation time had 27.37% contribution indicating the importance
of cell growth activities. The interaction of DE was highest since the
SMC needs sufficient time for substrate utilization to get a high FA
yield. The most FA output produced was 1.2187 mg FA/g BSW with
parameters at ambient temperature, 150 rpm agitation, 1:1 water-to-BSW
ratio, 1:1 substrate-to-inoculums ratio, and one day of inoculation. The
hydrolysis process applied in this study found to be affected by various
factors yet could be great option for production of ferulic acid.
Meanwhile, BSW is proven feasible and great for producing ferulic acid
naturally.