Materials and methods:
Plant material, growth conditions
Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L .) cultivar Golden promise was grown in field condition to get the supply of immature embryos for barley transformation. Spikes were collected after 12-14 days after anthesis for immature embryos of about 1.5 to 2 mm in size. Immature embryos were dissected from young caryopsis and the embryonic axis was removed with a sterile surgical blade and put on the barley callus induction media with scutellum side up. For barley transformation methods described by Harwood and Smedly (2009) was followed.