3.1 Materials and membrane module.
Thiourea was provided by Shandong Jingbo Yifeng Co., Ltd, and the purity
was around 98%). Ultrapure water was produced by a laboratorial water
purification system (Liaoning Rightleder Environmental Engineering Co.,
China, LTLD-P50, the conductivity lower than 0.05 μs
cm−1). PTFE hollow fiber membrane was produced in
Dongda Water Industry Group Co., Ltd. and the PES hollow fiber membrane
was produced in the authors’ laboratory.