Through Fig. 7 to 10 it is obtained that the localization error reduces
with an increase in anchor nodes‘percentage. This reduction is caused
due to an increase in hop counts as evident from Table 4 of the data
collected through the simulation performed about the Fig. 7 and shown
from Fig. 19. The increase in average count\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) is obvious with the increase in the more
anchor nodes.
To establish the effect of the variation in anchor nodes and its ripple
in terms of the hop counts is studied over localization error in respect
of the three models- DV-Hop, IDV, and ODR. Here consider that the
localization error \((LE)\) is a dependent variable depends upon the
number of anchor nodes \((m)\), and hop counts\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) values as written by equation (24)-
\begin{equation}
LE=\lambda+\beta_{1}m+\beta_{2}\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}+\eta;\ (24)\nonumber \\
\end{equation}where ‘\(\lambda^{\prime}\) is an intercept, \({}^{\prime}\eta^{\prime}\) is a residual,\(\beta_{1}\text{and\ }\beta_{2}\) are slopes with respect to \({}^{\prime}m^{\prime}\),\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) such that-