Gene ID:
BankIt2292418 LaTPS7 MN822897
BankIt2292495 LaTPS8 MN822898
BankIt2292498 LaCYP71D582 MN822899
Abstract
To
protect themselves from herbivore attacks, especially during early
developmental stages, plants produce volatiles possessing various
ecological and physiological functions. Here, we identified three genes
cloned from Lavandula angustifolia . These genes, designated asLaTPS7 , LaTPS8 , and LaCYP71D582 , were hypothesized
to be active in plant defense during early developmental stages. Thein-vitro assays
showedLa TPS7 produced eight
compounds including camphene, myrcene, limonene etc. and La TPS8
catalyzed nine volatiles fromα -pinene,
sylvestrene to fenchol etc. using geranyl
diphosphate
(GPP) and nerolidyl diphosphate (NPP) as substrate separately.
However,La TPS7 present in plastids only, synthesized limonene withinNicotiana benthamiana . Limonene was then converted into carveol
byLa CYP71D582
present in the endoplasmic reticulum. La TPS8, also located in
plastids, synthesized α -pinene and sylvestrene. Odour response of
aphids (Myzus persicae ) and
ladybugs (Harmonia axyridis )
showed
that volatiles from transgenic tobacco leaves repelled aphids and
attracted ladybugs. LaTPS7 promoter GUS stain assay inArabidopsis thaliana showed that LaTPS7 displayed a
wound-induced expression in leaves. Together, our findings show that
these compounds and gene-expression pattern played important roles in
protecting plants during vulnerable stages. More practically, these
plant tactics can be exploited in agriculture to decrease the use of
insecticides, thereby contributing to improved human and environmental
health.
Key words :
lavender,
monoterpenes,
terpene
synthase,
cytochrome
P450, insects plant-herbivore-natural
enemy
tritrophic interaction