Solid Fat Content
A minispec mq 20 pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscope (Bruker Corporation, Hamburg, Germany) was used to measure SFC in samples at 10, 20, 30, 35 and 40 °C according to the AOCS Cd 16b-93, direct serial measurement method (15). The shortening sample was melted at 100 °C and transferred into the NMR tubes, then sample tubes were placed in an ice-bath (0 °C) for 60 min before the first SFC measurement. Prior to the measurement, samples were conditioned for 35 min at the desired temperature.