Conclusion:
In summary, the TFA content of the shortenings was between 0.21 and
15.54 % (4.29 % on average). Merely 13.33 % of the shortening samples
was trans -free. Also, 66.67 % of the samples was
low-trans and 20% had trans- isomers of above 5 %. The
average content of SFA and lauric acid of Iranian shortenings was 50.46
% and 0.26 %, respectively. The mean FFA percentage, PV, and
IP110 of the shortenings samples were 0.20%, 1.67
mEq/kg, and 26.89 h, respectively. In general, the SMP and SFC values of
Iranian shortenings were higher than those of the types in most of the
foreign markets, which may be due to the higher saturation value of
Iranian ones. The Lovibond color range of shortenings was rather wide
and depended on the type of application; some samples were more colored,
while others were less colored. The results of this research can present
valuable information on shortenings to researchers and industries.