FIGURE 5. HSG4112 enhances energy expenditure in vivo . (A) Mean daily food intake of the same mice in Figure 2 in addition to a pair-feeding group (n = 10). ***P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison Test. n.s. = not significant. (B) Body weight during treatment period. Weight loss induced by reduced energy intake (-7.16g, 37.8%) and enhanced energy expenditure (-11.76g, 62.2%) is shown in a and b, respective. ***P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. (C-G) For assessing basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure, HFD-mice were placed in Oxymax/CLAMS device (n = 4 per group due to cage limit). (C) Oxygen consumption rate, (D) carbon dioxide production rate, (E) respiratory exchange ratio, and (F) energy expenditure were measured and normalized to bodyweight. (G) Locomotor activity was measured by number of beam breaks per hour. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (vs. Vehicle group) for overall group comparison and Sidak’s multiple comparison test for comparison of light, dark, and total hours. Grey area represents dark hours, starting at 8pm. Data represent mean ± SEM.