Glucose uptake assay
MTT assay was first performed using Vybrant MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and manufacturer’s instructions to find HSG4112 concentration range for cell viability. Glucose uptake assay on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes were performed in accordance with the manufacturer’ instructions in Glucose Uptake Assay Kit (ab136955, Abcam Inc., Cambridge, UK). DMEM/F-12 media (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) and KRPH buffer (BSA, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Lousi, MO, USA) were purchased separately. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) – 2-hydroxyl group replaced by hydrogen so that it cannot undergo further glycolysis – was added and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DG6P) was measured as glucose output.