Reagent
YDZG (>98%) was isolated in our laboratory and its purity was determined by HPLC. LPS (Escherichia coli , serotype 0111: B4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMEM and FBS were purchased from Life Technologies/Gibco Laboratories (Grand Island, NY, USA). ELISA kits for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were purchased from Neobioscience (Shenzhen, China). Antibodies against p65, p-p65, p-IKK-α/β, IKK-α, IKK-β, p-IκB-α, IκB-α, NLRP3, IL-1β, cleaved-IL-1β, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against TRIM31 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Grand Island, NY, USA). Oligonucleotide primers for Nlrp3, IL-1β and GAPDH were synthesized by Invitrogen (Nanning, China). 4-Amino-5-methylamino-20,70-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM), a protein A/G magnetic bead kit, RT-PCR, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) kits, were purchased from Life Technologies/Thermo Fisher Scientific (Grand Island, NY, USA). Plasmids of pcDNA3-N-Flag-NLRP3 and pEGFP-C2-NLRP3 were purchased from Addgene (Beijing, China).