Locus Primer name Primer sequences (5′-3′) Purpose Annealing temperature (°C) Reference
COI
F: LCO-a R: HCO-a CCYCGWATAAATAAYATAAGATTTTGA TAAACTTDGGRTGWCCAAAAAATCA
PCR and Sequencing
45–50°C
Designed to be specific for V. emeryi
F: Engel R: Pat GAGGAGGAGACCCCATTTTAT TCCAATGCACTAATCTGCCATATTA
PCR and Sequencing
45–50°C
Designed to be specific for V. emeryi Simon et al. 1994
COII
F: 21v2 R: r8v2 ATATTCACAATTGGGTTAGATGTAGA AGCTGCGGCTTCAAATCCA
PCR
55–60°C
Kazuya Kobayashi, Tamura, Okamoto, Hasegawa, & Ohkawara, 2012
F: Ve13-sF1 R: Ve13-sR1 F: Ve13-sF2 R: Ve13-sR2 ATGTACATTATTTGGGAAGCACTAGC AATGTCAAATTATTTATTGGGATAGGG ATTAACCGCCCTGGAATATTTTT TTGTTAGAGATAGGGGGACACAA
Sequencing
-
Designed to be specific for V. emeryi
Cytb
F: VeCB-F1 R: VeCB-R1 TGCCCTAATACTCAATTAGCCTTT TGTATGGGGATTCAATTACTTGTG
PCR and Sequencing
52–60°C
Designed to be specific for V. emeryi
16s rRNA
F: WspecF R: WspecR CATACCTATTCGAAGGGATAG AGCTTCGAGTGAAACCAATTC
Wolbachia-specific diagnostic PCR
55°C
Werren & Windsor, 2000
ftsZ
F: ftsZ_F1 R: ftsZ_R1 ATYATGGARCATATAAARGATAG TCRAGYAATGGATTRGATAT
Wolbachia-specific diagnostic PCR
54°C
Baldo et al., 2006