COI clade and haplotype frequencies in the eight regions
The COI haplotypes were divided into two clades in the Bayesian
phylogenetic tree (Figure 2). The demarcated vegetation maps, with clade
and haplotype composition data, are shown in Figure 3a. Regions A, C,
and D showed similar ratios of clade 1 to clade 2. Clade 2 was slightly
more highly represented in regions B and F than in regions A, C, and D.
Even though region E belongs to the Korean peninsula, all haplotypes
from the region formed a group with region H (Japan) and region G (USA)
haplotypes in clade 2. Moreover, the ratio of the L morph to the S morph
in region E was similar to that in region H (Japan).
Hap 1 was a dominant haplotype in regions A, B, and C. In region D, the
frequency of hap 1 was lower than that in the other regions (Figure 3b).
In Korean populations, region E (Yeosu-si), in which the S morph can be
found, and region F (Jeju), which is isolated from the mainland of the
Korean peninsula, had haplotype compositions distant from those of
regions A to D. The haplotype compositions and frequencies in region H
(Japan) were different from those in Korea (Figure 3b).